Sustainable Energy: Still United in Diversity? Integrating energy, climate and environmental law in times of geopolitical instability

is Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Law and Faculty of Economics and Business at the University of Groningen. He completed his PhD in Law and Economics at the University of Groningen in 2017, defending his dissertation "Linking Emissions Trading Systems: A Law and Economics Analysis." He also holds an LL.M. in International Economic and Business Law (cum laude) from the University of Groningen (2011) and an LL.B. (distinction) from Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia (2007). Fitsum's research specializes in climate law and economics, with particular expertise in emissions trading systems, carbon market regulation, and the linking of emissions trading schemes across different jurisdictions.

holds the position of Professor of Energy Law and serves as the Director of the Wubbo Ockels School for Energy and Climate at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands.  Additionally, he is the founder and a member of the managing board of the Like!Me Living Lab, dedicated to enhancing the effectiveness of public participation practices in energy and environmental matters. Prof. Squintani is also the founder and board member of the European Environmental Law Forum and the U4 Environmental Law Network. Serving as His extensive research and teaching interests encompass EU substantive law and EU environmental, energy, and climate law.

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-4150

is professor of Public Law and Sustainability at the Department of Constitutional Law, Administrative Law & Public Administration. Since October 2020 he has been the chair of this department. Kars started at that same department in 1999 as a PhD candidate, defended his PhD on 2 December 2004 on a comparative law study into the possibilities and consequences of settlements in administrative law proceedings. On 2 December 2022 he held his inaugural lecture as a professor of Public Law and Sustainability. At the Ministry of Housing and Spatial Planning & Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations he has been appointed as the first Government Commissioner for the Environment and Planning Act. Kars de Graaf is the chair of the VMR, the Dutch Association of Environmental Law, member of the editorial board for a (Dutch) Journal for Environmental Law (TO) and a (Dutch) journal of administrative law (JBplus). He is also an honorary judge in the District Court for the North of the Netherlands (not for environmental cases). Kars provides courses for professionals at the Grotius Academy (General administrative law) and for the independent joint training institute of the Dutch judicial system (General administrative law and the liability of public authorities) and regularly provides training, talks and courses for professionals.

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7523-5742

is Professor of Economic Law in the Department of European and Economic Law at the University of Groningen. He graduated from the University of Groningen in 1997 and completed his PhD at the Centre for Environmental Law, University of Amsterdam, successfully defending his thesis "Competition Law and Environmental Protection in Europe: Towards Sustainability?" in 2003. Professor Vedder teaches courses on European Union law, competition law, and EU environmental law. His research focuses on EU law with particular expertise in competition law, EU environmental law, and energy law. He serves as co-director of the Groningen Centre for Energy Law. In addition to his academic work, Professor Vedder regularly conducts postdoctoral courses and third-party funded research for government agencies, private parties, and law firms on EU law matters. He has served as Honorary Judge at the Leeuwarden Court of Appeals and has been a member of advisory committees on appeals to the Netherlands Competition Act and the Samenwerkingsverband Noord Nederland (SNN).

is Professor of Markets and Regulation at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands since 2018. He is also Managing Board Member of the Groningen Centre of Energy Law and Sustainability (GCELS) since 2007. Woerdman defended his PhD on climate law and economics in Groningen in 2002. He graduated cum laude in political science at Radboud University Nijmegen in 1996. Woerdman has specialized in energy and carbon market regulation, concentrating on emissions trading and other tradable rights. He published more than one hundred articles, chapters and monographs, including Essential EU Climate Law published by Edward Elgar and Politiek en Politicologie published by Noordhoff. Two of his papers on emissions trading appeared in the Top 20 ‘Most Downloaded Articles’ of the Review of Law and Economics. Woerdman’s Master courses on ‘Climate Law’ and ‘Economics of Regulation’ are part of the LLM in Energy and Climate Law in Groningen, rated among the Top 10 Energy Masters in the World (by llm-guide.com). He is Academic Director of this LLM since 2021.

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-160X